http://repositorio.cualtos.udg.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/401 2026-04-13T02:20:52Z http://repositorio.cualtos.udg.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1531 Title: Effect of Low Doses of Dexamethasone on Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis Authors: Lara Espinoza, Jacqueline V.; Arce Aceves, María Fernanda; Barrios Payán, Jorge; Mata Espinosa, Dulce; Lozano Ordaz, Vasti; Becerril Villanueva, Luis Enrique; Ponce Regalado, María Dolores; Hernández Pando, Rogelio Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest disease caused by a bacterial agent. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a typical anti-inflammatory effect, but recently it has been shown that they can present proinflammatory activity, mainly by increasing molecules from innate immunity. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of low doses of dexamethasone on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo and in vitro. We used an established mice model of progressing tuberculosis (TB) in the in vivo studies. Intratracheal or intranasal dexamethasone therapy administered with conventional antibiotics in the late stage of the disease decreased the lung bacilli load and lung pneumonia, and increased the survival of the animals. Finally, the treatment decreased the inflammatory response in the SNC and, therefore, sickness behavior and neurological abnormalities in the infected animals. In the in vitro experiments, we used a cell line of murine alveolar macrophages infected with Mtb. Low-dose dexamethasone treatment increased the clearance capacity of Mtb by MHS macrophages, MIP-1α, and TLR2 expression, decreased proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and induced apoptosis, a molecular process that contributes to the control of the mycobacteria. In conclusion, the administration of low doses of dexamethasone represents a promising adjuvant treatment for pulmonary TB. Description: Artículo 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.cualtos.udg.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1458 Title: Adicción a redes sociales en estudiantes de Educación Media Superior en el contexto de emergencia por COVID-19 en México. Authors: Reynoso González, Oscar Ulises Abstract: RESUMEN: El objetivo principal del estudio fue conocer el nivel de adicción a redes sociales del estudiantado de Educación Media Superior en México durante el tiempo de emergencia por COVID19, añadiendo comparativos asociados a la edad, sexo y actividad de los participantes. El diseño fue cuantitativo, observacional, transversal y de alcance correlacional. Se obtuvo una muestra de 568 estudiantes del Servicio Nacional del Bachillerato en Línea. Se utilizó la escala de Adicción a las redes sociales de Escurra & Salas (2014). Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes cuentan con niveles bajos de adicción a las redes sociales, y además, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes con y sin actividad laboral y una correlación negativa con la edad. ABSTRACT: The main objective of the study was to know the level of addiction to social networks of Higher Secondary Education students in Mexico during the time of the COVID-19 emergency, adding comparisons associated with the age, sex and activity of the participants. The design was quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and correlational in scope. A sample of 568 students from the National Online Baccalaureate Service was obtained. The Social Network Addiction scale of Escurra & Salas (2014) was used. The results showed that students have low levels of addiction to social networks, and in addition, significant differences were found between students with and without work activity and a negative correlation with age. Description: Artículo 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.cualtos.udg.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1353 Title: Organophosphorus Pesticides as Modulating Substances of Inflammation through the Cholinergic Pathway Authors: Camacho Pérez, Milton Rafael; Covantes Rosales, Carlos Eduardo; Toledo Ibarra, Gladys Alejandra; Mercado Salgado, Ulises; Ponce Regalado, María Dolores; Díaz Resendiz, Karina Janice Guadalupe; Girón Pérez, Manuel Iván Abstract: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widespread insecticides used for pest control in agricultural activities and the control of the vectors of human and animal diseases. However, OPs' neurotoxic mechanism involves cholinergic components, which, beyond being involved in the transmission of neuronal signals, also influence the activity of cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, acute and chronic exposure to OPs may be related to the development of chronic degenerative pathologies and other inflammatory diseases. The present article reviews and discusses the experimental evidence linking inflammatory process with OP-induced cholinergic dysregulation, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms related to the role of cytokines and cellular alterations in humans and other animal models, and possible therapeutic targets to inhibit inflammation. Description: Artículo 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.cualtos.udg.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1352 Title: Development of Anxiolytic and Depression-like Behavior in Mice Infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium Authors: Ponce Regalado, María Dolores; Salazar Juárez, Alberto; Rojas Espinosa, Oscar; Contis Montes de Oca, Arturo; Hurtado Alvarado, Gabriela; Arce Paredes, Patricia; Pérez Sánchez, Gilberto; Pavón, Lenin; Girón Pérez, Manuel Iván; Hernández Pando, Rogelio; Álvarez Sánchez, María Elizbeth; Becerril Villanueva, Luis Enrique Abstract: Abstract: Murine leprosy is a systemic infectious disease of mice caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) in which the central nervous system (CNS) is not infected; nevertheless, diseased animals show measurable cognitive alterations. For this reason, in this study, we explored the neurobehavioral changes in mice chronically infected with MLM. BALB/c mice were infected with MLM, and 120 days later, the alterations in mice were evaluated based on immunologic, histologic, endocrine, neurochemical, and behavioral traits. We found increases in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 associated with high bacillary loads. We also found increase in the serum levels of corticosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the adrenal gland, suggesting neuroendocrine deregulation. Mice exhibited depression-like behavior in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests and anxiolytic behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. The neurobehavioral alterations of mice were correlated with the histologic damage in the prefrontal cortex, ventral hippocampus, and amygdala, as well as with a blood–brain barrier disruption in the hippocampus. These results reveal an interrelated response of the neuroimmune-–endocrinological axis in unresolved chronic infections that result in neurocognitive deterioration. Description: Artículo 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z