Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review by Carlos González-Casamada 1ORCID,Martina Nevarez-Rascón 2,Alfredo Nevarez-Rascón 2,María González-Galván 3,Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza 4ORCID,Ronell Bologna-Molina 5,6ORCID,Leonor Sánchez-Pérez 7ORCID andNelly Molina-Frechero 7,*ORCID 1 Health Care Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico 3 Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Asuncion, Asuncion 1218, Paraguay 4 Institute of Research in Medical Sciences, Department of Clinics, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos 47650, Jalisco, Mexico 5 Research Department, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the Durango State, Durango 34000, Mexico 6 Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay 7 Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110211 Received: 15 September 2022 / Revised: 29 October 2022 / Accepted: 1 November 2022 / Published: 6 November 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry Journal: 10th Anniversary) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship between SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protective factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.